LESSON PLAN

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Lesson plan

Level B1

Understanding Formula 1: Exploring Hybrid Engines and Racing Changes

Lesson overview

The recent month-long break in Formula 1 has sparked reflection on the significant regulatory changes this season, including hybrid engines and altered racing dynamics.

Reading text

READING TEXT

Recently, Formula 1 (F1) had a break for a month because of the conflict in the Middle East. This pause gave everyone a chance to think about the first part of the 2026 racing season, which has been very busy and full of changes. This season is special because it has the biggest changes in rules in the history of Formula 1. These changes have led to many discussions about how they affect racing, qualifying, and safety.

As the new season started, F1 introduced hybrid engines. These engines use a mix of traditional fuel and electric power, with a 50-50 balance. Many drivers and fans feel that this new type of racing is strange and different. The hybrid engines have special features like 'overtaking' and 'boost' modes. Some people think these features make the racing feel less real. For example, Max Verstappen, a four-time world champion, compared the current racing to the video game Mario Kart, calling it a 'joke.' On the other hand, Lewis Hamilton, another famous driver, enjoyed the exciting races he had, especially his fight with Charles Leclerc from Ferrari during the Chinese Grand Prix. He said it was 'the best battle' he has had in over ten years.

Even though Hamilton is excited, he and other drivers worry that the new engine rules make driver skill less important. A serious crash involving Oliver Bearman, who was going 191 mph during the Japanese Grand Prix, has raised concerns about safety. Drivers are worried about the big differences in speed that have come from the new rules.

Looking back at the first month of the season, it is important to think about how these changes affect racing, qualifying, and safety. The new engine rules have changed the way cars are built, which has changed how racing works in F1. Now, both the front and back wings of the cars need to open to collect more energy. This change has replaced the Drag Reduction System (DRS), which helped with overtaking since 2011. The new rules have introduced 'overtake' and 'boost' modes, which allow drivers close to their competitors to gather extra energy during the race.

This new way of racing has led to what some call 'yo-yo racing.' In this style, drivers often pass each other back and forth over several laps because their energy levels change. Verstappen has criticized this style, calling it 'anti-driving.' However, many drivers enjoy the excitement of the constant changes in position. Hamilton compared it to karting, where drivers often change places. He believes this racing style is more real compared to the more stable racing styles of the past.

However, many drivers feel confused. They see that the new format is entertaining but worry about whether it is real racing. Lando Norris, the world champion, said that while the new racing looks good on TV, it makes the racing experience feel less authentic. He mentioned that the energy management needed in the current setup often makes drivers feel like they are just passengers when their rivals run out of battery.

Qualifying sessions have also faced criticism. Many drivers miss the challenge of getting a fast lap. The goal is still to drive as fast as possible, but the essence of F1 as the ultimate test of driver skill has been affected. Drivers agree that managing energy has made it easier to get a fast qualifying lap.

Some tracks, like Suzuka, which is known for its difficult turns, have become examples of how the new rules work. Drivers have said that some of the hardest corners are now 'charging zones,' where managing energy is more important than traditional racing skills. This change has forced drivers to 'lift and coast' to get the best performance, which takes away from the speed and skill that used to define qualifying laps.

Norris, reflecting on his experience at Suzuka, said that while the track is still exciting, the new rules have made it slower, especially in fast sections. Leclerc expressed his frustration during qualifying, saying that the new rules make it hard for him to perform well on straight sections, where he feels he is losing important time.

Safety concerns have increased after Bearman's crash, which showed the dangers of the big speed differences caused by the new engine rules. The electric part of the engine gives a lot of power, but it runs out quickly, which means drivers need to recharge often. This can create dangerous situations on the track because one car might be fast while another is recovering energy.

Drivers have expressed their disappointment with how slowly safety issues are being addressed. Carlos Sainz, a director of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association (GPDA), was surprised that the focus was on changing qualifying rules while racing dynamics remained the same. He warned that the high speeds on future street circuits could make the risks worse under the current rules.

In response to these challenges, F1 leaders are holding meetings to find both short-term and long-term solutions to the problems that have come up this season. However, as Andrea Stella, the team principal of McLaren, noted, finding a simple solution may be difficult because the rules are complicated. Changes to improve qualifying could unintentionally affect racing dynamics and safety.

The ongoing discussion about the 50-50 power split in the new engine design raises more questions about the future of F1. Some people suggest changing the balance to favor traditional engines to solve current problems, but this could create political issues within the sport, especially among teams that have invested a lot in the current system.

As the season continues, it is clear that the challenges from the new rules are complex and need careful thought. Moving forward will require teamwork among teams, drivers, and regulatory bodies to ensure that the spirit of Formula 1—an exciting test of skill and speed—remains while also addressing important safety and competition concerns.

Discussion prompts

DISCUSSION PROMPTS

  • 1. What do you think about the changes in Formula 1? Are they good or bad?
  • 2. How important do you think driver skill is in racing?
  • 3. Do you prefer traditional racing or the new hybrid racing? Why?
  • 4. What safety measures do you think should be taken in racing?
  • 5. How do you feel about the entertainment value of the new racing format?
  • 6. What do you think the future of Formula 1 should look like?

Key vocabulary

Match each numbered word with the correct lettered definition.

Words

  • 1. hiatus
  • 2. regulatory
  • 3. hybrid
  • 4. overtaking
  • 5. diminished
  • 6. dynamic
  • 7. safety
  • 8. spectacle
  • 9. authentic
  • 10. complexity
  • 11. collaboration
  • 12. exhilarating

Definitions

  • a. a break or pause in something
  • b. relating to rules or laws that control something
  • c. genuine and real, not false or copied
  • d. the state of being complicated or intricate
  • e. made smaller or less important
  • f. something made by combining two different things
  • g. the act of passing another vehicle while driving
  • h. making one feel very happy, excited, or full of energy
  • i. working together with others to achieve a common goal
  • j. a force that stimulates change or progress
  • k. something that is seen, especially something impressive
  • l. the condition of being protected from danger

MULTIPLE CHOICE

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1

What caused the month-long break in Formula 1?

  • a) A) New engine rules
  • b) B) Conflict in the Middle East
  • c) C) Driver injuries
  • d) D) Weather conditions
Question 2

What type of engines were introduced in the new season?

  • a) A) Electric engines
  • b) B) Hybrid engines
  • c) C) Gasoline engines
  • d) D) Diesel engines
Question 3

Who compared the current state of F1 to the video game Mario Kart?

  • a) A) Lewis Hamilton
  • b) B) Charles Leclerc
  • c) C) Max Verstappen
  • d) D) Lando Norris
Question 4

What is 'yo-yo racing'?

  • a) A) A type of engine
  • b) B) A style of racing with frequent position changes
  • c) C) A safety feature
  • d) D) A type of qualifying session
Question 5

What did Carlos Sainz express surprise about?

  • a) A) The new engine rules
  • b) B) The focus on qualifying changes
  • c) C) The excitement of the races
  • d) D) The safety measures

TRUE / FALSE

TRUE / FALSE QUESTIONS

Question 1

The new engine rules have made driver skill more important. True or False?

  • True
  • False
Question 2

Lewis Hamilton enjoyed the battles he had on the track. True or False?

  • True
  • False
Question 3

The changes in rules have made qualifying sessions easier for drivers. True or False?

  • True
  • False
Question 4

The Suzuka track is known for being easy to drive. True or False?

  • True
  • False
Question 5

Safety concerns have decreased after the recent crash. True or False?

  • True
  • False

SHORT ANSWER

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 1

What is a hybrid engine?

Question 2

What are the new features introduced in the hybrid engines?

Question 3

What did Lando Norris say about the new racing format?

Question 4

How did the new rules affect the corners at Suzuka?

Question 5

What is the main concern regarding safety in the new regulations?

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

GRAMMAR

Selected Grammar Point: Present Perfect Tense

Brief Explanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and have relevance to the present. It is formed using "have/has" + past participle (e.g., "has led," "have introduced").

Exercise Questions:

  1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in parentheses using the present perfect tense:

    • Formula 1 (F1) __________ (have) many changes this season.
    • The drivers __________ (experience) new challenges with the hybrid engines.
  2. Rewrite the sentences using the present perfect tense:

    • F1 introduced hybrid engines last year.
    • Many fans feel that the new racing is strange.
  3. Correct the errors in the following sentences:

    • F1 has introduced hybrid engines last season.
    • Many drivers has complained about the new rules.
  4. Choose the correct option to complete the sentence:

    • The changes in rules __________ (has/have) led to many discussions.
    • Max Verstappen __________ (has/have) compared the current racing to Mario Kart.
  5. Complete the sentences with your own ideas using the present perfect tense:

    • This season __________ (be) very exciting for fans.
    • Many people __________ (talk) about the changes in Formula 1.

Answer key

KEY VOCABULARY

  • 1. hiatus → a
  • 2. regulatory → b
  • 3. hybrid → f
  • 4. overtaking → g
  • 5. diminished → e
  • 6. dynamic → j
  • 7. safety → l
  • 8. spectacle → k
  • 9. authentic → c
  • 10. complexity → d
  • 11. collaboration → i
  • 12. exhilarating → h

MULTIPLE CHOICE

  • 1. B) Conflict in the Middle East
  • 2. B) Hybrid engines
  • 3. C) Max Verstappen
  • 4. B) A style of racing with frequent position changes
  • 5. B) The focus on qualifying changes

TRUE / FALSE

  • 1. False
  • 2. True
  • 3. True
  • 4. False
  • 5. False

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

  • 1. A hybrid engine uses a combination of traditional fuel and electric power.
  • 2. The new features are 'overtaking' and 'boost' modes.
  • 3. Lando Norris said that the new racing format looks good on TV but raises concerns about the authenticity of the racing experience.
  • 4. The new rules turned some of the most challenging corners into 'charging zones' where energy management is more important.
  • 5. The main concern is the significant speed differentials between cars due to the new engine regulations.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Answer Key:

    • Formula 1 (F1) has had many changes this season.
    • The drivers have experienced new challenges with the hybrid engines.
    • F1 has introduced hybrid engines last year. (Correct: "F1 introduced hybrid engines last year.")
    • Many fans have felt that the new racing is strange. (Correct: "Many fans feel that the new racing is strange.")
    • F1 has introduced hybrid engines last season. (Correct: "F1 introduced hybrid engines last season.")
    • Many drivers have complained about the new rules. (Correct: "Many drivers have complained about the new rules.")
    • The changes in rules have led to many discussions.
    • Max Verstappen has compared the current racing to Mario Kart.
    • This season has been very exciting for fans.
    • Many people have talked about the changes in Formula 1.

(Note: Answers for exercise 5 will vary as they depend on the student's own ideas.)

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